Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics – Part of the highly regarded Nelson family of pediatric references, Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 8th Edition, is a concise, focused resource for medical students, pediatric residents, PAs, and nurse practitioners. Ideal for pediatric residencies, clerkships, and exams, this 8th Edition offers a readable, full-color format; high-yield, targeted chapters; and new features that make it even more user-friendly for today’s in-training professionals or practitioners.
- Focuses on the core knowledge you need to know, while also providing complete coverage of recent advances in pediatrics. Coverage includes normal childhood growth and development, as well as the diagnosis, management, and prevention of common pediatric diseases and disorders.
- Includes new Pearls for Practitioners bullets at the end of each section, providing key clinical points and treatment information.
- Features well written, high-yield coverage throughout, following COMSEP curriculum guidelines relevant to your pediatric clerkship or rotation.
- Uses a full-color format with images and numerous new tables throughout, so you can easily visualize complex information.
- Provides real-world insights from chapter authors who are also Clerkship Directors, helping you gain the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed both in caring for patients and in preparing for clerkship or in-service examinations.
- Includes Student Consult access which features the full contents of the book, now integrated with select decision-making algorithms from Pediatric Decision-Making Strategies by Pomeranz et al. (ISBN: 978-0-323-29854-4), online at Student Consult.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Section #
1
The Profession of Pediatrics
1
Population and Culture
2
Professionalism
3
Ethics and Legal Issues
4
Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
2
Growth and Development
5
Normal Growth
6
Disorders of Growth
7
Normal Development
8
Disorders of Development
9
Evaluation of the Well Child
10
Evaluation of the Child with Special Needs
3
Behavioral Disorders
11 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Crying and Colic
12
Temper Tantrums
13
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
14
Control of Elimination
15
Normal Sleep and Pediatric Sleep Disorders
4
Psychiatric Disorders
16
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
17
Anxiety Disorders
18
Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders
19
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
20
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
5 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Psychosocial Issues
21
Failure to Thrive
22
Child Abuse and Neglect
23
Homosexuality and Gender Identity
24
Family Structure and Function
25
Violence
26
Divorce, Separation, and Bereavement
6
Pediatric Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders
27
Diet of the Normal Infant
28
Diet of the Normal Child and Adolescent
29 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Obesity
30
Pediatric Undernutrition
31
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
7
Fluids and Electrolytes
32
Maintenance Fluid Therapy
33
Dehydration and Replacement Therapy
34
Parenteral Nutrition
35
Sodium Disorders
36
Potassium Disorders
37 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Acid-Base Disorders
8
The Acutely Ill or Injured Child
38
Assessment and Resuscitation
39
Respiratory Failure
40
Shock
41
Injury Prevention
42
Major Trauma
43
Drowning
44
Burns
45 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Poisoning
46
Sedation and Analgesia
9
Human Genetics and Dysmorphology
47
Patterns of Inheritance
48
Genetic Assessment
49
Chromosomal Disorders
50
The Approach to the Dysmorphic Child
10
Metabolic Disorders
51
Metabolic Assessment
52
Carbohydrate Disorders
53
Amino Acid Disorders
54 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Organic Acid Disorders
55
Fat Metabolic Disorders
56
Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Disorders
57
Mitochondrial Disorders
11
Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
58
Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn
59
Maternal Diseases Affecting the Newborn
60
Diseases of the Fetus
61
Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn
62
Anemia and Hyperbilirubinemia
63
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
64
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Seizures
65
Sepsis and Meningitis
66
Congenital Infections
12
Adolescent Medicine
67
Overview and Assessment of Adolescents
68
Well-Adolescent Care
69
Adolescent Gynecology
70
Eating Disorders
71
Substance Abuse
13
Immunology
72
Immunologic Assessment
73
Lymphocyte Disorders
74 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Neutrophil Disorders
75
Complement System
76
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
14
Allergy
77
Allergy Assessment
78
Asthma
79
Allergic Rhinitis
80
Atopic Dermatitis
81
Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis
82
Serum Sickness
83
Insect Allergies
84
Adverse Reactions to Foods
85
Adverse Reactions to Drugs
15
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood
86
Rheumatic Assessment
87 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
88
Kawasaki Disease
89
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
90
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
91
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
92
Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
16
Infectious Diseases
93
Infectious Disease Assessment
94
Immunization and Prophylaxis
95 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Anti-Infective Therapy
96
Fever Without a Focus
97
Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash
98
Cutaneous Infections
99
Lymphadenopathy
100
Meningitis
101
Encephalitis
102
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
103
Pharyngitis
104
Sinusitis
105
Otitis Media
106
Otitis Externa
107
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
108
Pertussis
109
Bronchiolitis
110
Pneumonia
111
Infective Endocarditis
112 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Acute Gastroenteritis
113
Viral Hepatitis
114
Urinary Tract Infection
115
Vulvovaginitis
116
Sexually Transmitted Infections
117
Osteomyelitis
118
Infectious Arthritis
119
Ocular Infections
120
Infection in the Immunocompromised Person
121
Infections Associated with Medical Devices
122
Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections
123
Parasitic Diseases
124
Tuberculosis
125
HIV and AIDS
17
The Digestive System
126
Digestive System Assessment
127 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Oral Cavity
128
Esophagus and Stomach
129
Intestinal Tract
130
Liver Disease
131
Pancreatic Disease
132
Peritonitis
18
The Respiratory System
Intro
Introduction
133
Respiratory System Assessment
134
Control of Breathing
135
Upper Airway Obstruction
136
Lower Airway, Parenchymal, and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
137
Cystic Fibrosis
138
Chest Wall and Pleura
19 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
The Cardiovascular System
139
Cardiovascular System Assessment
140
Syncope
141
Chest Pain
142
Dysrhythmias
143
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
144
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
145
Heart Failure
146
Rheumatic Fever
147
Cardiomyopathies
148
Pericarditis
20 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Hematology
149
Hematology Assessment
150
Anemia
151
Hemostatic Disorders
152
Blood Component Therapy
21
Oncology
153
Oncology Assessment
154
Principles of Cancer Treatment
155
Leukemia
156
Lymphoma
157
Central Nervous System Tumors
158
Neuroblastoma
159 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Wilms Tumor
160
Sarcomas
22
Neprhology and Urology
161
Nephrology and Urology Assessment
162
Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria
163
Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria
164
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
165
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
166
Hypertension
167
Vesicoureteral Reflux
168 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract
169
Other Urinary Tract and Genital Disorders
23
Endocrinology
170
Endocrinology Assessment
171
Diabetes Mellitus
172
Hypoglycemia
173
Short Stature
174
Disorders of Puberty
175
Thyroid Disease
176
Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology
177
Disorders of Sexual Development
178
Adrenal Gland Dysfunction
24
Neurology
179
Neurology Assessment
180
Headache and Migraine
181
Seizures (Paroxysmal Disorders)
182
Weakness and Hypotonia
183
Ataxia and Movement Disorders
184 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Altered Mental Status
185
Neurodegenerative Disorders
186
Neurocutaneous Disorders
187
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
25
Dermatology
188
Dermatology Assessment
189
Acne
190
Atopic Dermatitis
191
Contact Dermatitis
192
Seborrheic Dermatitis
193 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Pigmented Lesions
194
Vascular Anomalies
195
Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
196
Cutaneous Infestations
26
Orthopedics
197
Orthopedics Assessment
198
Fractures
199
Hip
200
Lower Extremity and Knee
201
Foot
202
Spine
203
Upper Extremity
204
Benign Bone Tumors and Cystic Lesions
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information
or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom
they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to
be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administra¬
tion, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and
knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each
individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume
any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
CONTRIBUTORS
Ahmeneh Ghavam, MD
Pediatric Critical Care Fellow
Medical College of Wisconsin
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Profession of Pediatrics
Clarence W. Gowen Jr., MD
Professor and EVMS Foundation Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Eastern Virginia Medical School;
Senior Vice-President for Academic Affairs
Children’s Hospital of (The) King’s Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia
Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
Larry A. Greenbaum, MD, PhD
Marcus Professor of Pediatrics
Director, Division of Pediatric Nephrology
Emory University School of Medicine
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
Atlanta, Georgia
Fluids and Electrolytes
Hilary M. Haftel, MD, MHPE
Professor of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Internal
Medicine, and Learning Health Sciences
Associate Chair and Director, Pediatric Education
Director, Pediatric Rheumatology
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood
MaryKathleen Heneghan, MD
Attending Physician
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology
Advocate Children’s Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois
Endocrinology
Alana M. Karp, MD
Pediatric Nephrology Fellow
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Fluids and Electrolytes
Mary Kim, MD
Department of Dermatology
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Dermatology
Matthew P. Kronman, MD, MSCE
Associate Professor of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Associate Medical Director of Infection Prevention
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Infectious Diseases
K. Jane Lee, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Special Needs
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Acutely III or Injured Child
David A. Levine, MD, FAAP
Professor of Pediatrics
Chief, Division of Predoctoral Education
Morehouse School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Growth and Development
Paul A. Levy, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Bronx, New York
Human Genetics and Dysmorphology
John D. Mahan, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
The Ohio State University College of Medicine;
Director, Metabolic Bone Clinic
Medical Director, Transplant Program
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Columbus, Ohio
Nephrology and Urology
Karen J. Marcdante, MD
Professor – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Profession of Pediatrics
Robert W. Marion, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health
Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
Chief Emeritus, Divisions of Genetic Medicine and
Developmental Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
Human Genetics and Dysmorphology
Maria L. Marquez, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital;
Associate Dean, Reflection and Professional Development
Georgetown University School of Medicine;
Medical Director
Mary’s Center Fort Totten
Washington, DC
Pediatric Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders
CONTRIBUTORS
VII
Susan G. Marshall, MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Education
Department of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Director of Medical Education
Seattle Childrens Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Respiratory System
Thomas W. McLean, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Oncology – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Thida Ong, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Associate Director, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Seattle Childrens Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Respiratory System
Hiren P. Patel, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics
The Ohio State University College of Medicine;
Chief, Section of Nephrology
Medical Director, Kidney Transplant Program
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Columbus, Ohio
Nephrology and Urology
Caroline R. Paul, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health
Madison, Wisconsin
Behavioral Disorders
Tara L. Petersen, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Critical Care
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Acutely III or Injured Child
Thomas B. Russell, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Oncology
Jocelyn Huang Schiller, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Neurology – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Daniel S. Schneider, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia
Cardiovascular System
J. Paul Scott, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Medical Director, Wisconsin Sickle Cell Center
The Childrens Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital
of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Hematology
Renee A. Shellhaas, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Neurology – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Paola Palma Sisto, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Endocrinology
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Endocrinology
Amanda Striegl, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Medical Director, Respiratory Care
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Respiratory System
J. Channing Tassone, MD
Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Clinical Vice President, Surgical Services and Anesthesia
Section Chief, Pediatric Orthopedics
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Orthopedics
James W. Verbsky, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology/
Immunology – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Medical Director, Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory
Medical Director, Clinical and Translational Research
Medical College of Wisconsin
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Immunology
Kristen K. Volkman, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Allergy and Immunology)
and Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Allergy
CONTRIBUTORS
viii
Surabhi B. Vora, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Childrens Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Infectious Diseases – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Colleen M. Wallace, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Hospitalist Medicine
Director, Pediatrics Clerkship
Director, Program for Humanities in Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Behavioral Disorders
Kevin D. Walter, MD, FAAP
Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Program Director, Sports Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Orthopedics
PREFACE: Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
It has been said that knowledge doubles every two years and computing power doubles
every eighteen months. These dynamic changes will allow us to use technology in new ways
as quickly as we can learn them. The interface of medicine and technology will help us
provide better, safer care with each passing year as the amazing advancements of our scientist
colleagues further delineate the pathophysiology and mechanisms of diseases. Our goal as
the editors and authors of this textbook is not only to provide the classic, foundational
knowledge we use every day, but to include recent advances in a readable, searchable, and
concise text for medical learners as they move toward their careers as physicians and advanced
practice providers.
We have once again provided updated information, including the advances that have
occurred since the last edition. We believe this integration will help you investigate the
common and classic pediatric disorders in a time-honored, logical format, helping you to
both acquire knowledge and apply knowledge to your patients. The authors again include
our colleagues who serve as clerkship directors so that medical students and advanced
practice providers can gain the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in caring for
patients and in preparing for clerkship or in-service examinations.
We are honored to be part of the journey of the thousands of learners who rotate through
pediatrics and of those who will become new providers of pediatric care in the years to come.
Karen J. Marcdante, MD
Robert M. Kliegman, MD
IX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors profusely thank James Merritt, Jennifer Shreiner, Amanda Mincher, and their
team for their assistance and attention to detail. We also again thank our colleague, Carolyn
Redman, whose prompting, organizing, and overseeing of the process helped us create this
new edition. Finally we thank our spouses for their patient support throughout the process.
Details – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
No. of pages: 832Language: EnglishCopyright: © Elsevier 2019Published: 29th March 2018Imprint: ElsevierPaperback ISBN: 9780323511452Paperback ISBN: 9780323527354eBook ISBN: 9780323528078eBook ISBN: 9780323528061eBook ISBN: 9780323528054
About the Author
Karen Marcdante
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Robert Kliegman
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Key Features – Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics
Here’s a quick overview of the important features offered in this book: Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 7th Edition
- Get an effective overview of paediatrics with help fromthe concise text, a full-colour design, high-yield tables, and numerous images.
- Take advantage of a wealth of images that capture the clinical manifestations and findings associated with Kawasaki disease, lupus, lymphoma, stroke, and many other disorders seen in children.
New to this Edition
- Efficiently review essential, concise pediatric content with this popular extension of the Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (ISBN: 978-1-4377-0755-7).
- Focus on the core knowledge needed for your pediatric clerkship or rotation with coverage that follows the COMSEP curriculum guidelines.
- Easily visualize complex aspects with a full-colour layout and images, as well as numerous tables throughout the text.
- Access the full contents, now integrated with select decision-making algorithms from Pediatric Decision-Making Strategies by Pomeranz et al. (ISBN: 978-0-323-29854-4), online at Student Consult.
