Let’s talk about 2021 Digital Camera Buying Guide. There are many options to choose from in the market while going for photography Gear. Perhaps you need a beginner-friendly camera that will move you from using your smartphone camera. Or maybe you are an advanced photographer trying to upgrade your equipment to top notch specs. No matter which level you are in, choosing photography Gear based on your needs and our buying guide will be a safe way to get the best camera in 2021.
Many types of cameras are needed in the marketplace photo booth for sale, each with a different price range, and features stand out in the ever-expanding market. However, there is no specific formula for buying a camera except for doing proper research and making choices based on the features you need.
Table of Contents
Why Do I Need A Camera?
There are many reasons why you would want to buy a real camera in 2021. Real cameras have a better advantage over smartphone cameras. There are certain limitations are smartphone camera have that we need a real camera to access. Here are some reasons why you would want to have a camera handy and not just relying on your smartphone
1. Taking Quality Photos
Smartphone cameras have improved over the years, with smartphone brands focusing on developing the cameras’ image quality. However, as the smartphone cameras increase in volume, so does the regular standalone cameras. The best part is you do not have to spend a lot of money to get high-quality images with a standalone camera. If you plan to make a large display brings a standalone camera is the best option for you. Also, when it comes to megapixels, standalone cameras have a better advantage, increasing the image quality they produce.
2. Better Low-light Photos
Smartphone cameras have improved in taking photos in low-light conditions, but most smartphones did you witness in taking clear-cut low light images. An excellent standalone camera can handle all the dark requirements, which is a better flash experience to Shine a bright light on the subject.
3. Better Zoom Quality
The zoom ability of standalone cameras is far more oppo smartphone cameras. Digital cameras have optical zoom features that can get you up to 60 times closer to your subject.
They are a different range of lenses for DSLR cameras, and you can put one whenever you need a superzoom.
4. Better Controls
There are many control options with a digital SLR camera. We can automatically set the camera to handle the various tasks. You control other details of the photoshoot. This is an important feature, especially when you are taking photographs of subjects with a difficult lighting situation or trying to achieve some photo effect. A smartphone camera won’t give you the ability to make these changes.
5. More Options
There are various options to consider when buying a standalone camera. You can pick one for traveling and can get one for a severe photo hobby. With a full-size DSLR, you gain control over every photo element, such as speed aperture and the ability to switch between lenses. Original camera is the best option for Adventures, and you can get ones with waterproof features that you can use during extreme weather conditions. You know you can’t bring out your smartphone to take pictures during adverse weather conditions.
Best Digital Cameras to Buy In 2021
Choosing a camera can be quite confusing without a guide. In this section, we will go over the best digital cameras in the market right now.
1. Camon EOS R5
The Canon EOS R5 is an excellent digital camera and the Top Choice for most people. It is by far one of the best cameras you can get in the market today. The camera has the best features for Autofocus, an excellent image stabilization system, and unique photo shooting powers, which make it the best option for wildlife and sports photography. This DSLR camera is the Right Choice for shooting 4K/ 60p videos. The camera comes with an affordable full-frame which is a good upgrade from the early middle cropped frames. However, on the downside, the camera overheats more than some of its rivals. Besides that, was an excellent and impressive choice with superior autofocus and handling features which makes it one of the top Choice to be considered when looking for a full-frame digital camera.
Key Features
- Professional user level
- Excellent full frame
- Dual card slots
- 20.1MP resolution
- Autofocus of 6,072
2. Sony A7 III
The Sony A7 III camera has been around for quite a long time but still has those features that make it one of the high content dances of the best digital cameras in the market. It has a 24mp full-frame sensor, shoots a 4K video excellently, and has sensor-based image stabilization. The camera still has two card slots and a 710-battery life. The camera has undergone some firmware updates, which has improved its AF performance read ablated features like the real time eye AF wildlife photography. This camera remains one of the best and most versatile cameras in the market, remains competitive, and it’s a great choice if you want to enjoy your value for money.
Key Features
- Maximum continuous shooting rate
- 24MP resolution
- 693, AF
- 710 shot battery
- Full frame sensor size
3. Fujifilm X-T4
The Fujifilm X-T4 camera is an excellent hybrid camera that is capable of shooting Still videos. It has one of the finest APS –C cameras tested in the market. It has impressive body image stabilization, improved burst shooting speed, and advanced design tweaks. This camera has a super battery that substance it’s about 500 shots or charge, with its advanced and fast reliable Autofocus. It has a 26MP APS-C sensor for stills. Fujifilm X-T4 has an excellent advantage with its video performance with a wide range of tools for a great experience.Fujifilm X-T4 has a touchscreen that articulates fully with the camera. This digital camera might be quite expensive, but the features it comes with makes it a great choice. Its X series lenses make it an excellent option for a mirrorless all-rounder camera.
Key Features
- 26.1 MP resolution
- 425point Autofocus
- Excellent image quality
- IBIS enabled.
4. Nikon Z6 II
The Nikon Z6 camera has long been on top of the chart, one of the market’s best cameras. With its successor, the Z6 II, both cameras offer great value and great handling features even though the latter costs a bit more. The Z6 II has additional six processes, bringing more improvements and a new 14 FPS burst mode. It also comes with an extra UHS-II card slot and a new 4k/60p video mode, set to begin after a firmware update in February 2021. It also has a 24MP full-frame sensor and even a high ISO. The Nikon Z6 II is built with class-leading features and quality, making it a relevant product among its competitors in the market.
Read: 2021 Best Coffee Machine Buying Guide
Key Features
- 24.5 MP resolution
- 373 Hybrid Autofocus
- Full frame sensor size
- Maximum continuous shooting rate
5. Nikon D3500
The Nikon D3500 is an excellent DSLR camera with superior battery life, excellent handling features, and great value. It’ is one of the best options for beginners looking to start a career in photography. Succeeding the great D3400 comes with a 24MP APS-C sensor and a battery life lasting for 500 shots, which is times 3 of most mirrorless cameras.
The camera has a useful guide mode to help beginners by using the device for the first time and exploring various options. It has a lot of lenses for your choosing with a vibration reduction for extra comfort when used. If you are looking for a camera for traveling, this device can be of service to you.
Key Features
- DSLR camera
- Optical viewfinder
- Robust battery life
6. Sony ZV-1
The Sony ZV-1 camera is an excellent compact camera for vlogging. If you seek to set up your YouTube channel and make great quality videos, this camera can be of great help. Sony has combined some great features from its RX100 series cameras and other nice tweaks into this camera to make it perfect for shooting videos.
It has a combination of bright 24-70mm f/1.8-2.8 lens. The device comes with a Sony real-time tracking ability and real-time Autofocus, making it great for shooting high-quality videos for vlogs. It also has a pleasing background blur effect and a 3.5mm microphone jack to check audio quality. The device also has a hot shoe, which allows you to use accessories like extra light and a microphone without a bracket. It has an average battery life, which is one of its downsides. If you have been looking for a camera to aid you in transit from smartphone cameras, then this what you have been waiting for.
Key Features
- 20.1 MP resolution
- Compact camera
- 3.5mm Microphone port and Hotshoe
5 Best Cameras For Beginners 2021
1). Nikon D3500
You don’t need to be a photographer to know a great photo when you see one. And you don’t need to be a photographer to take a great photo—you just need the D3500. It’s as easy to use as a point-and-shoot, but it takes beautiful DSLR photos and videos that get noticed. It feels outstanding in your hands, sturdy and balanced with controls where you want them. It’s compact, durable and versatile, ideal for travel. And it works seamlessly with compatible smartphones, making it easier than ever to share your great photos. Even if you’ve never picked up a DSLR camera, you can take beautiful pictures with D3500.
Take more memorable images. The photos you take with the D3500 capture more than the moment—they capture the feeling of the moment, a feeling that can be shared immediately with your friends and family and then relived for a lifetime.
About
- A DSLR that’s as easy to use as a point and shoot camera
- Compact, comfortable design that’s great for travel and special events
- Image sensor that’s 15x larger than those used in typical smartphones for sharper, clearer pictures
- Works with Nikon snap bridge app for sharing photos with a compatible smartphone or tablet
- 1080p full hd videos with monaural sound at the touch of a button
- Price – $596
Pros
- Excellent image quality
- Easy to use
Cons
- No touchscreen control
- Bluetooth but no Wi-Fi
2). Canon EOS Rebel T7i
Step up from a smartphone or compact Camera and see the difference. With an optical viewfinder to see exactly what you’ll capture, 45-point all cross-type AF for accurate results, dual pixel CMOS AF with Phase detection and more, the EOS Rebel t7i is one of the most advanced EOS rebels yet. Color Filter System: RGB primary color filters.
The EOS Rebel T7i camera has professional features in an easy-to-use and highly customizable package. With a 45-point all cross-type Optical Viewfinder AF system*, Dual Pixel CMOS AF with phase-detection, Canon’s legendary image quality and more, it lets you create whatever your imagination sees.
About this Camera
- 242 Megapixel CMOS (APS C) sensor
- Built in Wi Fi, NFC and Bluetooth Lens used: EF S 18 55 millimeter f/4 56 IS STM (at focal length of 55 millimeter)
- High Speed continuous shooting at up to 60 fps Weight Approx 1877 ounce / 532 grams (including battery pack and SD memory card) Approx 1711 ounce / 485 gram (body only)
- Metering Range: EV 1 20 (room temperature, evaluative metering)
- Use the EOS Utility Webcam Beta Software (Mac and Windows) to turn your compatible Canon Camera into a high-quality webcam
Build Quality:
So let’s start this review off by taking a look at the build quality of the Canon T7i. Now if you’ve never used a DSLR before the T7i might seem like quite a large camera, but in fact compared to most DSLR’s, it’s actually quite small. Just for comparisons sake I’ve a Canon 70D right here and it really makes the T7i feel very light. And to me thats a great thing. Because the T7i is a little smaller, I think that this means you’ll be more likely to take it out with you and to take more photos. For beginners and intermediates thats a great thing. Now I used the Canon T6i a lot last year and not too much has changed on the body of the T7i.Buttons are exactly where you’d want them to be and easy enough to find.
Like i said in my review of the Canon 77D however, I do wish the buttons were a little more pronounced because they are a little flat and hard to find when you’ve got your eye up to the viewfinder. At the top of the camera here you’ll notice that this is a little to the bigger brother the 77D. On the right the camera, we have your main mode dial. Essentailyl this where you can change the different setting that you want to shoot in whether that be automatic or the manual modes. One thing you’ll notice is that in the T7i you’re missing the mode dial lock that we saw on the 77d. This isn’t a huge deal to me but it’s one thing to be careful with so you don’t accidentally change your settings. At the top here we have a dedicated record button which is nice to see as well.
So overall the build quality is nice on the T7i. It’s definitely a smaller build than most DSLR’s which could be a big bonus if you like to travel or walk around with a lighter camera.
LCD Screen:
Let’s turn this camera around now and take a quick look at the rear LCD screen.
As with last years model, the T7i has a brilliant rear LCD screen. I think Canon actually make the best LCD screens out of any camera company at the moment. The screen is fully articulating which means you can flip up and down and to the side .
This is great for setting your composition because it means you can take photos from up high or down low without having to look through the viewfinder. And if you’re a youtube or a blogger, having the ability to flip the screen completely around is great, because it means you can see yourself while you’re filming, which is what I’m doing right now. A little tip is that if you get one of those cheap $5 remotes off of amazon, you start and stop your recording without ever having to touch the camera.
Touch Screen:
One thing that I didn’t mention before was that the Rear LCD Screen is also a touch screen. Now this might seem like a big deal but it really does make using the camera a breeze. Rather than having to use the dial on the side here to change your settings, you can simply use your finger to quick change what you want. It’s very similar to using your phone and it’s also very responsive. Sure it might seem like a beginners feature, but I’ve found myself using it a lot to move quickly though the menus. Not only, now that the Canon T7i has it’s new dual pixel autofocus system, you can simply touch on the screen where you want it to focus and it will quickly and cinematically come into to focus. It’s great.
Dual Pixel AF:
Speaking about Autofocus, lets now talk about that new dual pixel autofocus. This has been a feature in the higher end 70d, 80d and 7D Mark 2 cameras and is one of my favourite features. A few years ago, getting good autofocus in video with a DSLR was un heard of, but now with this new system it works great. So I was reall happy when the t7i included it. So how well does it work?
Fantastically. It’s almost flawless. Face tracking works great and if you use the spot focus setting, whatever is in the centre frame will smoothly go into focus. You can even do focus pulls by simply pressing on the screen.
I’m actually surprised canon put this in a lower end model and I’ve gotta give them props for that, this is a brilliant inclusion in the t7i.
Competitors:
So if you’re looking to buy the Canon T7i, theres a good chance you would have look at some other cameras in the same price range.
So what are the competitors to the T7i. Well the obvious camera that a lot of people might be looking to buy is the Canon 77D.
This was released at the same time as the T7i and it’s a fantastic camera. It’s got the same dual pixel autofocus but also has a few minor differences. Firstly we’ve got this lcd screen on the top. This gives you a little bit more information without having to look through the viewfinder. We’ve also got this scroll wheel on the back. To be honest, these aren’t huge differences between the two and the t7i is a smaller camera, so if you can live without those two features, the t7i will be good for you.
You might also be looking at the older T6i. I reviewed this camera a lot last year and it was a great beginners dslr. It doesn’t that dual pixel autofocus, instead it has a hybrid autofocus. Personally id recommend getting the t7i instead. On the upper end you could look at the Canon 70D or 80D. I actually use a Canon 70d and love it, and the 80d is a step up again. For beginners to intermediates, the t7i will be more than capable, but if you really want a great camera, go for the 80d.
On the nikon side you might looking at the Nikon D3400 or the Nikon D5600. Both of these cameras were released last year and they’re both very nice. The D5600 is the most similar and also has a fully articulating screen. If you’ve never used a nikon dslr before it might take you a little while to get used, but again both of these cameras are quite good although I would still give the advantage to the T7i.
Video:
Lets talk about video now with the T7i. Normally if people ask me which camera I’d recommend for beginner cinematographers, I’d say something like a Canon T3i or T4i, but these days, I’m going to recommend this camera here. And thats its actually packed with a lot of good video featues.
We’ve now got 1080p recording at 60 frames per second, which to be fair was a long time in the making. That means you can get some pretty nice slow motion in post. Sure theres not 4k video recording, but i wouldnt trade for the great dual pixel autofocus in video. Like i said before, it works fantastically. Especialyl for beginerrs who aren’t used to manually focusing, essentially now they can just point the camera where they want it and it’ll be in focus. On the side here we have a dedicated microphone input which means you can add a shotgun mic on top, which is something id recommend as well.
Again I’m disappointed that that canon haven’t included a headphone jack in these cameras, but hopefully its something they’ll add next year.
We’ve also got HDR video recording now in the T7i which last year was just in the high end t6s model and I’m really happy to see that we have timelapse mode included now. If you’re up an up and coming blogger thats going to be a great feature for you. So overall this is a great little camera for up and coming cinematographers.
Burst Mode & AF:
So lets quickly talk about the burst mode of the Canon T7i and I’m happy to say it’s had a nice upgrade to 6 frames per second.
Thats pretty quick for a camera under $750 and just for reference sake it sounds a bit like this. Pretty impressive. That should be fast enough for most sports and even some wildlife shooting.Autofocus is also much improved and should get you through most situations, although I did find it struggled a little bit in very low lighting conditions.
So overall as with the Canon 77d i think the T7i is a real winner. Whereas last year they left out a few options, this i think this camera is the real and a big competitor to the 70d and 80d from canon.
Pros
- Good image quality
- Speedy, reliable autofocus
Cons
- Plasticky build
- 4K video limitations
3) Nikon D5600
Stand out from the crowd with photos and videos so impressive, they’ll inspire you to keep shooting and learning. Out of the box, you can leave things up to the camera and immediately start taking great photos and videos without the learning curve. As your skills develop, the D5600 offers plenty of room to grow with exceptional image quality, intuitive controls and powerful tools for pushing the boundaries of your creativity as far as they’ll bend. Unlike others, with a battery lasting over 970 shots per charge, you’ll be able to keep shooting all day long.
Pros
- Excellent image quality
- Articulating touchscreen
Cons
- Slow Live View focusing
- SnapBridge needs work
5). Canon EOS 80D
Whether raising your game to SLR level photography or having fun with a feature-rich, versatile SLR you can use pretty much anywhere, the EOS 80D camera is your answer. It features an impressive 45-point all cross-type AF system that provides high-speed, highly precise AF in virtually any kind of light. In dim lighting, it has improved low luminance performance to EV -3 and is compatible with most EF lenses (lenses with maximum apertures of f/8 or higher, and some lenses with extenders attached may operate at a maximum of 27 points). It also features 4 types of AF area selection modes useful for a number of different AF situations.
To help ensure photographers don’t miss their shot, an Intelligent Viewfinder with approximately 100% coverage provides a clear view and comprehensive image data. Approximately 100% coverage means there’s virtually no guesswork when it comes to composition, and with all settings available at a glance, the Intelligent Viewfinder helps photographers keep their eye on their subject, so the image can be captured at the right instant. The powerful 24.2 Megapixel (APS-C) CMOS sensor and Dual Pixel CMOS AF for Live View shooting enhance the EOS 80D’s performance across the board. Complementing the EOS 80D’s advanced operation are built-in wireless connectivity and Full HD 60p movies that can be saved as MP4s for easy sharing. Merging power, precision and operability, the EOS 80D is a dynamic SLR camera for anyone ready to realize their creative vision.
Features
- The EOS 80D camera’s Intelligent Viewfinder helps bring the thrill of SLR photography with each use
- The Intelligent Viewfinder displays AF points and AF mode, has a grid display, a horizontal electronic level, plus numerous other points of information
- For next level AF operation, the EOS 80D camera has a wide area, 45 point, all cross type AF system with low luminance performance to EV 3 and 4 types of AF area selection modes
- The 242 Megapixel (APS C) CMOS sensor captures high resolution images and has refined individual pixels that enable high ISO speeds (16000 for still photographs, 12800 for movies)
- Use the EOS Utility Webcam Beta Software (Mac and Windows) to turn your compatible Canon camera into a high-quality webcam
Pros
- Fast and reliable AF system
- Excellent results
Cons
- No 4K video
- No PC sync
5). Canon EOS Rebel SL3
Defined by its notably sleek form factor, the white Canon EOS Rebel SL3 is a versatile DSLR offering an ideal mix of stills and video capabilities
Features
- The EOS Rebel SL3 is the lightest and smallest Canon EOS DSLR camera to date. Its compact construction has excellent usability, including a rounded grip that can sit comfortably in your hand. Conveniently sized for everyday use, the EOS Rebel SL3 means less missed opportunities and more memories preserved. This Bundle from Paging Zone offers an ideal professional experience along with All Standard Canon Supplied Accessories and 1-Year Seller Warranty
- Canon EOS Rebel SL3 – 24.1MP APS-C CMOS Sensor – DIGIC 8 Image Processor – 3.0″ 1.04m-Dot Vari-Angle Touchscreen – UHD 4K24p Video and 4K Time-Lapse Movie – 9-Point AF System; Dual Pixel CMOS AF – ISO 100-25600, Up to 5 fps Shooting – Built-In Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
- Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/4-5.6 IS STM Lens is a versatile standard zoom for Canon APS-C-format DSLRs, and is a sleek and flexible option for everyday shooting. Product features : EF-S Mount Lens/APS-C Format – 28.8-88mm (35mm Equivalent) – Aperture Range: f/4 to f/32 – One Aspherical Element – Super Spectra Coating – STM Stepping AF Motor – Optical Image Stabilizer – Rounded 7-Blade Diaphragm
- Also includes – Canon Battery Pack and Charger – Canon Neck Strap – Wide-Angle Lens – Telephoto Lens – CC-2 Cushioned Camera Bag – Tulip Lens Hood – 3pc Filter Kit (incl. UV, FLD, CPL) – 32GB Sandisk Memory Card – Grip Strap – Card Reader – Lens Cap Keeper – Portable and Steady Tripod – Extra Replacement Battery – AC/DC Car & Travel Charger – Camera and Lens Cleaning Kit – Pen and Blower Set for dust-free lenses
Pros
- Nice JPEGs straight from the camera
- Cheapest DSLR with 4K video
Cons
- 9-point AF system is dated
- Heavy rolling shutter in 4K
5 Best Cameras for Youtube 2021
1. Sony ZV-1
I’m a semi-professional photographer and I always jump on the chance to review cameras because I love them. This one is such a unique product that I’m really excited about it. My review will mainly be a comparison of whether or not you should get this camera (the Sony ZV-1) as opposed to a DSLR or even smart phone.
*DO NOT get this camera if your main interest is still photographs. If you want still photographs then the DSLR is what you want. This camera has the added perk of taking photos, but the main focus of this is video content sharing.
*The highlight of this camera is the ease of use. You really don’t need to know technical things like which aperture to choose, which ISO or shutter speed, it does everything for you. It has auto focus (which is much better than on DSLRs) and the flip screen makes it easy to monitor yourself while you’re recording.
*The size of this makes it far superior to a DSLR. This thing is *tiny* and so lightweight. If you get the accessory kit with the wireless grip/tripod, you are good to go. This is especially good if you vlog while walking or need to be active when speaking to the camera.
*Has slow-mo capability, time-lapse, bluetooth and wifi.
*Benefits over just a regular ‘ol smartphone: The image sensor on this is much bigger and better. With image sensors, the adage is “the bigger the better” which is why DSLR cameras have such an advantage (but they’re also too big to lug around) This makes your image quality much higher. The microphone on this is also way better too. (With the DSLR, you would need to buy a separate mic.) You are free to buy a separate mic with this camera as well but the mic that it comes with is pretty good right out of the box.
*Things that could be improved: The software it comes with is rather limited. Especially for editing videos, though on the plus side, you may not need to do too much editing if you are the type that just does your vlogging in one continuous take.
*The lenses are built in/ not interchangeable. This is good in that you have everything you need at all times, but bad if you scratched/cracked your lens you would need to buy a whole new camera.
*There’s no flash – this shouldn’t be an issue for vloggers though. Just wanted to mention in case someone was still thinking of getting this solely for still photography.
*The battery life was middling. It wasn’t great but I’ve seen other cameras perform worse. If you feel like you’re going to be having long sessions, I would consider getting a second battery just in case.
Overall, I think this is a great and versatile camera for those who vlog or create video content. The price is higher so you can buy a DSLR at this price point, however if you’re not into technical things or would rather something more user friendly then this is definitely the route to take.
PROS
- Excellent autofocus
- Hotshoe and mic input
- Pocket-sized
Cons
- Average video stabilization
- Limited touchscreen controls
- microUSB rather than USB-C
What Should I Consider in Choosing the Best Digital Camera In 2021?
Choosing the best camera to buy can be quite challenging as there are many considerations to evaluate when choosing a digital camera. Some of those considerations are outlined in this section.
Camera Price
Cameras are costly, and lots of money for high-quality ones. It is wise you start from the ones you can afford unless you have a lot of money to spend on the camera. Creating a budget is your first step; determine the price range of the camera you want to get. Also, it does not end up getting a camera. You would need to get other essential accessories, such as an external flash, extra battery, memory cards, and tripod stand. Make sure you put all this into consideration when making your budget.
Type of Camera
There are several cameras, mirrorless cameras, DSLR cameras, the point and shoot style cameras. However, the differences between these types of cameras can be relatively minimal. Point and shoot cameras are compact in size and convenient. The lenses are built-in and cannot be changed, but they cover a wide zoom range. The quality of the cameras varies from cheap ones to the Pretty costly ones.
Mirrorless cameras have interchangeable lenses, they are mostly super classy, and they are an excellent choice for quality and versatility in photography.
DSLRs are the fancy looking cameras with classic Style, with big lenses and big buttons. DSLR cameras have a wide range of lenses and flashes, and other gadgets to help achieve a smooth photoshoot.
ISO
An ISO is essential if you want to achieve good results when shooting a photo in low light conditions without a flash. You should check out for cameras that can shoot at a high ISO that compromises the shots’ quality. Nevertheless, to get a camera for this feature will be quite costly.
Sensors
The camera sensor is another essential aspect to consider in choosing a camera. Uses of the camera that replaces the film come in different sizes and resolutions with different sensitivity to light. Big sensors with high resolutions are more sensitive to light, but they are more expensive. The full-frame sensors are the biggest in the camera types with a size of 35mm. Best cameras in the market have a smaller version of the sensor cause of the cropped frame sensor.
Final Words
Digital cameras give us access to too many features, which we cannot get with smartphone cameras. If you’re looking at stepping up from your smartphone camera to a digital camera, we advise you to do so on a budget until you can afford the most complex ones. With our guide and reviews in this article, we are confident you have the necessary information to help you make the best choice for a digital camera in 2021. Our guide might not cover every camera in the market, but it covers the necessary things you need for a start.
